Local level rainfall and temperature variability in drought-prone districts of rural Sidama,central rift valley region of Ethiopia     

Tafesse Matewos  Tewodros Tefera 《自然地理学》2020,41(1):36-53

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to examine local level spatiotemporal rainfall and temperature variability in drought-prone districts of rural Sidama, Central Rift Valley region of Ethiopia. The study used 129 gridded monthly rainfall and temperature data of 32 years (1983–2014). The gridded rainfall and temperature records were encoded into GIS software and evaluated through different statistical and geospatial techniques. Mann-Kendal rank test and F distribution tests were used to test temporal and spatial statistical significance, respectively, of the data. The analysis revealed that Belg and Kiremt are the main rainfall seasons, constituting 81% of the annual rainfall. Although annual, Kiremt, and Belg rainfall amounts appear to have decreased over time, the decreasing trend is statistically significant only for Belg rainfall records. On the other hand, rainfall standard anomaly results indicated seven droughts of different magnitudes: one extreme, two severe, and four moderate. The study also revealed increasing temperature trends over the years under consideration that are statistically significant. The findings of this study on rainfall contradict other findings obtained around the study area. Thus, climate change adaptations need to focus on location-specific climate data analysis so that the intended adaptive interventions can be successful.  相似文献   

黑龙江省兴凯湖平原土壤pH值时空变化特征分析     

杨泽  刘国栋  戴慧敏  张一鹤  许江  肖红叶 《地质与资源》2020,29(6):614-620

土壤酸碱度是影响土壤化学和生物学性质的一个重要因素，会对土地生产力产生重要影响.为掌握兴凯湖平原土壤pH值近年来变化状况，采用空间统计方法，基于全国第二次土壤普查及2019年土壤pH值数据，对工作区近30年土壤pH值时空变化特征进行了分析.结果表明：兴凯湖平原土壤pH值总体呈下降趋势，但整体上土壤pH值变幅不大，主要集中在±0.5～±1区间.从土地利用类型上来看，兴凯湖平原耕地区土壤pH值均呈下降趋势，西部的林地区pH值整体保持不变或略有上升.在兴凯湖平原4种主要土壤类型中，除暗棕壤外，其他3类土壤在近30年间pH平均值均呈下降趋势.因此需要对工作区土壤pH值变化的原因进行多因素、定量分析，以进一步明确具体原因.  相似文献   

中国耕地土壤相对湿度时空分异   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

潘汉雄  朱国锋  张昱  郭慧文  雍磊磊  万巧卓  马惠莹  李森 《地理学报》2019,74(1):117-130

以全国653个农业气象站1993-2013年耕地的土壤相对湿度数据为基础,运用地统计方法,分析中国耕地土壤相对湿度时空分异特征与规律。结果表明：自1993年以来全国耕地的土壤相对湿度呈现波动上升趋势。全国耕地的土壤相对湿度普遍大于60%,分布区域自4月中旬开始随夏季风推移不断向北向西扩大,自10月下旬开始向东、南方向缩小。耕地土壤相对湿度值随土壤深度的增加而增加。年际尺度上,耕地的土壤相对湿度在夏秋季上升速度最快,变化幅度随土层深度增加而变小。土壤相对湿度与降水量存在较强的正相关关系,与潜在蒸发量、气温普遍存在较强的负相关关系。土壤相对湿度与各气象要素的相关性随深度加深而减弱。春、夏、秋季气象因素对旱地土壤相对湿度影响较大,冬季气象因素对水田影响更大。  相似文献   

Simulating runoff generation and its spatial correlation with environmental factors in Sancha River Basin: The southern source of the Wujiang River     

Hou  Wenjuan  Gao  Jiangbo 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(3):432-448

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Runoff generation is an important part of water retention service, and also plays an important role on soil and water retention. Under the background of the...  相似文献   

西太平洋暖池1990s中期的年代际扩张对夏季登陆中国台风的影响     

杨宇星  郑建 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(1):1-8

应用美国联合预警中心(Joint Typhoon Warning Center,JTWC)的台风最佳路径资料、美国国家海洋大气局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,NOAA)的扩展海表面温度资料以及美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)和美国国家大气科学研究中心(National Center for Atmospheric Research,NCAR)的大气环流场资料,研究了20世纪90年代西太平洋暖池(简称暖池)年代际扩张对西北太平洋台风和登陆中国沿岸台风的影响。研究发现,相比于暖池扩张前期(1965—1992),后期(1993—2013)台风生成在西北太平洋中部区域(10°—20°N,135°—145°E)显著减弱,在10°—20°N,145°—160°E区域和南海北部区域则表现出增多的特点。台风移动路径变异特征呈现为移动进入南海和登陆中国东部沿岸的西行和西北行路径减少,登陆日本的转向型路径增多,同时登陆我国海南岛和东南部沿岸的台风增多。进一步探查这种影响的可能原因发现,与暖池扩张密切相关的太平洋年代际变化引起的纬向环流的变异是西北太平洋中部台风生成减少的主要原因;而南海北部台风生成增多则归因于南海区域局地环流特征的变异。同时,南海北部台风生成增多是登陆我国海南岛和东南沿岸台风增多的主要决定因素。  相似文献   

重庆红池坝地电场变化分析     

董蕾  龚丽文 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(9):986-990

利用磁静日时序叠加方法和FFT频谱分析方法对红池坝地电场观测资料进行逐月处理，并与巫山建坪台地磁观测资料进行对比，分析红池坝地电场静日变化特征；计算红池坝台站磁暴期间产生的感应电场，与地电场观测数据对比，分析地电暴的特征。结果表明，静日随着月份的变化，相位发生变化，与巫山建坪地磁Sq变化一致；1月、2月、11月、12月的地电场日变幅明显小于其他月份；地电场显著周期成分与磁静日地磁场相同，并且通过周期成分的逐月对比分析得到，地电场与地磁D分量的不同周期成分的频谱值随时间的变化基本一致；某一方向的地电暴与该垂直方向的磁暴和该地区的电性结构有关；地电暴观测值与地磁感应电流计算值呈线性关系；地电暴变化与K值呈指数关系。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variations of albedo on nine glaciers in western China from 2000 to 2011          下载免费PDF全文

Jie Wang  Baisheng Ye  Yuhuan Cui  Xiaobo He  Guojing Yang 《水文研究》2014,28(9):3454-3465

This research demonstrates the spatiotemporal variations of albedo on nine glaciers in western China during 2000–2011, by the albedo derived from two types of datasets: Landsat TM/ETM + images and MOD10A1 product. Then, the influence factors of glacier albedo and its relationship with glacier mass balance are also analyzed by the correlation approach, which is frequently used in geostatistics. The paper finds that there are different spatiotemporal variations over the glaciers in western China: (1) For a single glacier, the albedo varies gently with altitude on its tongue and increases fast in the middle part, while in the accumulation zones, the albedo value appears in the form of fluctuation. This could provide a quantitative method to retrieve the snowline by determining the threshold albedo value of snowpack and bare ice. (2) For the glaciers in western China, the albedo decreases with distance to the center of Tibetan Plateau (TP). This may relate to the elevation of glacier, for the speed of glacier retreat highly depends on air temperature. (3) In the summer period, albedo on most glaciers declines over the last 12 years, and it decreases much faster in southeastern TP than other regions, for which air temperature overwhelms the black carbon concentration. In addition, the trend of glacier albedo in summer is greatly correlated with that of measured glacier mass balance, which implies that the long‐term albedo datasets by remote sensing technology could be used to monitor and predict the change of glacier mass balance in the future. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

岩体结构面各向异性变异系数的尺寸效应研究     

洪陈杰  黄曼  夏才初  罗战友  杜时贵 《岩土力学》2020,41(6):2098-2109

岩体结构面的各向异性与尺寸效应特征对其力学性质影响较大，综合考虑两者之间的相互关系对工程岩体稳定性评价具有重要意义。全面分析不同尺度结构面的各向异性分布，提出考虑正交方向三维形貌参数的各向异性变异系数AVC3D。通过渐进覆盖法统计4组天然岩体结构面10种不同采样尺寸的各向异性变异系数及其尺寸效应规律。结果表明：各向异性变异系数均随结构面尺寸增大而减小至定值，其与结构面尺寸具有较好的负对数函数关系；通过归一化处理，各向异性变异系数与结构面尺寸呈现较好的线性函数关系，表明各向异性变异系数具有分形结构，分维数D可以实现其尺寸效应的规律统计。该方法揭示了影响结构面形貌特征方向性变化的最大有效倾角 和粗糙系数C的增长幅度会随采样尺寸增大趋于稳定的变化机制，体现了当结构面达到各向异性尺寸效应的阈值后，会呈现出稳定的各向异性规律。  相似文献   

石羊河下游人工梭梭林土壤呼吸变化特征及其与水热因子的关系          下载免费PDF全文

王新友  马全林  靳虎甲  樊宝丽  张进虎  林慧龙 《干旱区地理》2019,42(3):570-580

土壤呼吸不仅是反映土壤生物活性的重要指标，也是全球碳循环研究中备受关注的热点问题。在地处典型干旱区的石羊河下游，以流动沙丘和去除土壤结皮人工梭梭林为对照，采用LI-8100土壤碳通量监测系统研究了栽植约40 a、30 a、10 a和5 a的人工梭梭林生长季和非生长季的土壤呼吸日变化，并分析了土壤水分和温度对土壤呼吸的影响。结果表明：（1）不同林龄梭梭林生长季和非生长季土壤呼吸速率的日变化均为明显的单峰曲线，且呈现出一定的波动性，日最大排放速率出现在12:00～14:00时，最小值出现在8:00时左右。（2）梭梭林营造和去结皮处理显著提高了沙漠土壤呼吸速率，而且不同林龄土壤呼吸速率大体上随着种植年限的增加而递增，表现为MC >40 a>30 a>10 a>MS >5 a，非生长季表现为MC >40 a>10 a>5 a>30 a>MS。（3）不同林龄梭梭林土壤呼吸速率均具有明显的季节变化特征，生长季（8 月）的土壤呼吸作用明显强于非生长季（1月）。（4）相关性分析表明，生长季和非生长季土壤呼吸均与0～5 cm土壤水分显著相关，且均呈二次曲线关系，分别为Y =-0.205 8X ²+0.946 5X-0.316 6（R ² =0.506 ²，P= 0.041 7）和Y= 0.118 7 X ²+0.156 3X+0.118 8（R ²=0.675 7，P =0.001 1）；但与10 cm土壤温度的相关性不显著，土壤水分是影响人工梭梭林土壤呼吸的关键因素。该研究进一步证明了人工梭梭林的营造有效改善了沙漠土壤的生物活性，提高了土壤碳通量水平，以土壤结皮破坏为基本特征的人工梭梭林退化和沙漠化必然在短期内加剧碳排放。因此，需要在沙漠地区合理营造人工林，并在造林和林业管理过程中注意保护土壤结皮，以减少CO²排放。  相似文献   

Temporal Variations and Driving Factors of Cultivated Land Use Intensity in Shandong Province from 1980 to 2015     

LI Zijun  YU Yuanhe  JIANG Aixia 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(3):265-274

Based on the cost-income data of agricultural products and relevant statistical data, taking major grain crops and economic crops in the process of cultivated land use as study cases, we studied characteristics of the temporal variation of cultivated land use intensity and its composition in Shandong Province from 1980 to 2015, and then analyzed its main driving factors. The results showed that: (1) The total intensity of major crops in Shandong Province showed a rising trend from 919.73 Yuan ha^-1 in 1980 to 3285.06 Yuan ha^-1 in 2015, and the average annual intensity of economic crops was higher than that of grain crops. The labor cost and material cost of major crops both showed an increasing trend, but the material input was much higher than labor input for grain crops, while the labor input was much higher than material input for economic crops. (2) The labor intensity of major crops in Shandong Province showed a decreasing trend from 501.75 man-day ha^-1 in 1980 to 161.93 man-day ha^-1 in 2015. The labor intensity of grain crops was lower than that of economic crops and its decline rate was fast. On the contrary, the capital intensity showed an increasing trend from 518.33 Yuan ha^-1 in 1980 to 1159.95 Yuan ha^-1 in 2015. In the internal composition of capital intensity, the proportion of yield-increasing inputs such as seed, farmyard manure, fertilizer, pesticide and drainage and irrigation decreased gradually, while the proportion of labor-saving inputs such as agricultural machinery increased significantly. (3) The cultivated land use intensity in Shandong Province had significant negative correlations with the amount of agricultural labor and cultivated land area per capita. The primary direct driving factor was the net income per unit cost of major crops, but the time response lagged by 1-3 years. The main indirect driving factor was the reform of agricultural policy.  相似文献